is both an economic system and an ideology (in the non-pejorative sense of that term). A economy features social rather than private ownership of the means of production. It also typically organizes economic activity through planning rather than market forces, and gears production towards needs satisfaction rather than …

While some aspects of the past made aid essential to political and economic transition in eastern after 1989, other legacies seemed to undermine aid programs.

Undeniably, the answer to this question is yes. Throughout his life, George Orwell bluntly stated, on more than one occasion, that he was a . Specifically, he would say, a democratic . George Orwell’s novels are often read and interpreted as an argument against totalitarianism (which they were), communism (which they were …

The emergence, transformation and sustainability of cooperatives in post- societies of Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) require complex and diverse processes of institutional change. In this paper we discuss the conditions under which cooperatives develop and sustain and also the role of local and central actors using a case study approach. Since cooperatives in …

Marx believed that a society would free workers from capitalism. This would be a communist society in which collective ownership of land and factories would be promoted. Given Support: Workers in Germany and England began forming associations to fight for better living conditions. They set up funds for members in distress …

Post- ’ cooperatives in Central and Eastern . December 2014. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 85 (4) DOI: 10.1111/apce.12051. Authors: Konrad Hagedorn. Humboldt …

Abstract This article reconstructs the models of the modernization of agriculture developed at the end of the 1920s and start of the 1930s: collective–cooperative, state–collective-, and agrarian-industrial. The characteristic of the agrarian system formed in the course of mass collectivization, which radically differs from the theoretical constructions accepted for …

53. movement’s view of since 1898, long before it began to draw support and enlightenment from Oklahoma. Victor Berger and his allies first proposed revisions, and then Algie Martin Simons, the Party’s most deeply informed student of rural society, addressed the “agrarian question” through the first decade of this century.